Welcome everyone!
This website has been designed for those VN students who have reached senior status in the VN program. It will be an area in which students can communicate with each other. The site will also be utilized by VN instructors when there is a need to communicate with students as well as using it as a blog setting for class projects. Welcome and enjoy this space that has been developed especially for you!
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Follow-up comment rss or Leave a TrackbackIt is awesome to see how this website is developing. Each day something new is appearing. Today the link for meds Pub is up and active. I love to go to Meds Pub after finishing a lecture to see if I can find questions that will cover some of the content.
NCLEX is just around the corner for all you seniors, no time like the present to continue to surf and study in advance!
A. Anatomy and Physiology
1. Discuss the gross structure and anatomical position of the kidneys
i. Location: under back muscles, behind parietal peritoneum, just above waistline; right usually lower and smaller
ii. 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 bladder, 1 urethra
2. Identify structures and functions of ureters, bladder and urethra
i. Internal structure of kidney
1. cortex: outer layer
2. medulla: inner portion
3. pyramids: triangular divisions of medulla
4. papilla: narrow inner most end of pyramid
5. pelvis: expansion of upper end of ureter; lies inside kidneys
6. calyses: divisions of renal pelvis
7. Renal corpuscles: Bowman’s capsule with its glomerulus
a. Bowman’s capsule: cupshape top
b. Glomerulus: network of blood capillaries surrounded by Bowman’s capsule
8. Renal Tubule:
a. proximal convoluted tubule
b. Loop of Henle:
i. Descending
ii. Loop
iii. Ascending
c. Distal convoluted tubule
d. Collecting tubule
ii. Ureters: move urine from kidney to bladder
iii. Bladder: locate behind pubis; storage of urine; holds 750ml; urge to urinate at 150-300ml
iv. Urethra: channels urine
1. female: 1.5 “; ends at meatus; anterior to vagina
2. male: 8”; transport semen; surrounded by prostate
3. ends at glans penis
3. Discuss and list the various functions in urine formation
i. Kidneys process 180L of filtrate/day but only 1% excrete as urine
ii. Urine forms by:
1. GLOMERULAR FILTRATION: filtration of plasma by glomerulus, filter substances including water sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, potassium, glucose, urea, creatinine, and uric acid
2. TUBULAR REABSORPTION: filtrates enter Bowman’s capsule then moves through the tubular system of nephron and is either reabsorbed or excreted as urine
3. AND TUBULAR SECRETION: formed urine drains into renal pelves then to ureter
IN GENERAL:
iii. FUNCTION OF KIDNEYS
1. urine formation
2. Excrete excess water, and nitrogenous waste products of protein metabolism;
3. assisting in maintenance of acid-base and electrolyte balance;
4. producing renin to help regulate BP
5. producing erythropoietin
6. control fluid volume
7. renal clearance
8. synthesis of Vita D
9. secretion of prostaglandins
GFR: THE AMOUNT OF FLUID FILTERED FROM THE BLOOD INTO THE CAPSULE PER MINUTE; NORMAL IS 120-125ML/MINUTE
A DROP IN BP OR FLUID VOLUME CAN CAUSE GFR AND URINE OUTPUT TO DECREASE
On the eve of my last day of lecture…………
Often students talk about what they will do when they no longer have to show up for lecture or clinical. Frequently they state that they will sleep till noon, and go have some fun. Several graduates say that taking a break will give them the opportunity to refresh their spirits and revitalize themselves. Despite thinking they know what they are going to do once graduated, many graduate VN students find themselves momentarily lost. What do with all my free time? The majority of students return quickly to the work force taking whatever job they can find so they can fill their gas tanks and replenish their empty checking accounts. Often students take a trip or short vacation before they settle into the largest task of all… Reviewing and preparing to take the NCLEX licensing exam. Some schools provide NCLEX review, and those that are not offered this prep class scurry to attend 3-7 day NCLEX review classes.
The very best advice for any new graduate is to take a break from the books for at least a one week. Set your goal to take the NCLEX within 8 weeks of graduation. Statistics have shown that those who test within the first few months of graduation do much better on state board .
Once rested, quickly open the review book and start pounding away at the review questions. If you don’t know the answer, it’s okay. The rational is given in the back and many students learn quickly from the review questions. Be strategic in your study plan. Study those topics (systems) that you hate. Remember when you like a topic (system) most likely you are already proficient in that area. Don’t waste your time going over material that you feel comfortable with. Remember not to spend countless hours at this. Set a timer for 45 minutes and when it rings, pull yourself away and go do something else and then return to task and reset for timer for another 45 minutes.
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